# (or ').All heights are measured up from the base of the footing. H + r1 is the fill height on the virtual back, the vertical line at the heel end where earth pressure is applied for overturning; r1 = tan(slope) × (base − toe − stem). Batters drawn exaggerated.
| .title | Wall name, rest of the line. |
|---|---|
| .wall | height H base B toe T stem S: wall height from the base, footing width, toe width (to the vertical face of the stem), stem width at the top. ft. |
| .footing | heel t toe t: footing thickness under the heel and under the toe. ft. |
| .batter | Optional. back-height h back-slope s face w: back batter height (ft) and slope (ft of run per ft of rise), face batter width at the bottom of the stem (ft). |
| .seat | Optional. height h width w bearing d: seat notch at the top front of the stem, and the distance from the wall face to the dead + live reaction. ft. |
| .backfill | height H2 slope deg broken|continuous: fill height from the base, slope at the top of the wall (0 = level), and whether the slope levels off at H2 (broken, the default) or keeps rising (continuous). |
| .toefill | Optional. Fill height over the toe (ft). |
| .surcharge | Optional. Equivalent surcharge height of soil (ft). |
| .reactions | Optional. dead D live L horizontal R: seat reactions in lb per ft of wall; R acts at the base of the seat. |
| .construction | Optional. fill-cut c: backfill not yet placed during construction (ft). |
| .soil | weight pcf friction deg sliding coef: soil unit weight, internal friction angle, sliding friction coefficient. |
| .concrete | Optional. Concrete unit weight, pcf (default 150). |
| .piles | Optional. strip w: strip of wall carried by the pile group (ft), then one line per row (at most 7), toe first:row N batter spacing: number of piles, batter (ft of run per ft of rise), spacing. Row 1 spacing is from the toe; each later row is from the previous row. Row 1 must have piles. |
| .stem | Optional. Stem design height, below. Default auto. |
| .variant | Optional. later (default) or 1987, below. |
| .fixes | Optional. on (default) or off. Off runs REWALL4 exactly as compiled (no fixes below, stem height per variant), to compare with old printouts: .variant 1987 + .fixes off matches the pre-LATER program. |
Service is always reported. With D.L. is added when .reactions dead > 0, and Construction (backfill cut by fill-cut, no reactions) when both dead and fill-cut are > 0.
The stem is designed for earth pressure over a soil height h measured above the top of the footing. The base moment is ½·Ca·γ·h³/3 + surcharge·h²/2, and the two sections above it use h − (H−HT)/3 and h − 2(H−HT)/3. Here H is the wall height, HT the heel thickness, H2 the backfill height and r1 the rise of the slope over the heel.
| stem-face | h = H − HT (or H2 − HT when the fill is below the top of the stem). The fill actually against the stem. Exact Rankine for a continuous slope, where Ca already contains the slope angle. |
|---|---|
| virtual-back | h = H + r1 − HT, the fill height on the heel line, when the slope is still rising there (H2 > H + r1); otherwise H2 − HT. The same height the overturning check uses. A conservative stand-in for a broken slope, where Ca is the level-ground value and the fill above the stem acts as surcharge. This is what the 1987 program did. |
| backfill | h = H2 − HT, the full backfill height. The most conservative; what REWALL4 with LATER did. |
| auto | Default. stem-face for a continuous slope, virtual-back for a broken slope or level fill. |
Like the {$define LATER} compile switch it stands for, .variant is a run option, not a line of the input sheet. later (default) uses consistent statics with a sloping backfill: the vertical part of the earth thrust (Va) is in both the vertical force and the resisting moment, it loads the heel, and a continuous slope uses height H + r1 on the virtual back. 1987 restores the 11/28/1987 code, which counted Va in the vertical force but not in the resisting moment or on the heel. With a broken slope or level fill Va is zero and the two variants agree.
.stem (above).Original input sheets (REWALL4 format, or the 1987 format without the concrete line) run as they are; Convert rewrites one in dot-words. Original sheet: